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Centre for Atmospheric Science

Dr Keith Bower

Dr Keith Bower

Senior Research Fellow/Senior Project Officer

BSc (Hon) (London) 1984, PhD, Atmospheric Physics - (Manchester) 1989

Room Number: 3.06 [Simon Building]
Tel: +44 (0)161 306 3952
Tel: +44 (0)161 306 3951
Email: k.bower@manchester.ac.uk

 

Professional biography

I have been a Senior Institute Research Fellow at the University of Manchester (and at UMIST before that) since 2001, having earlier been a Senior Project Officer and holding various research associate positions at UMIST since 1988. I have published over 100 research papers in peer reviewed journals and presented papers at numerous international conferences and workshops (> 240 papers).

My research interests include studies of the microphysics and chemistry of warm, mixed phase and ice clouds, of Aerosol-Cloud interactions and of the evolution of Aerosol Properties in the boundary layer and free troposhere.

I have played a leading role in the design, management and coordination of over 70 major national and international field experiments, and have led many ground based and aircraft projects (e.g. the EUROTRAC GCE cap cloud experiments at Great Dun Fell and Holme Moss in the UK, the IGAC ACE-2 and ACE-Asia Hillcloud projects on Tenerife and Cheju Do, South Korea) and as Co-I on numerous NERC funded projects (e.g. UTLS-Cirrus, Polluted Troposphere projects CLOPAP and AMPEP, and also more recently the ACTIVE, VOCALS, DIAMET and BEACHON projects based in Australia, Chile, UK and the USA respectively). I have flown as Mission Scientist (>100 flights) on both the UK FAAM BAe146 and ARSF Dornier-228 aircraft.

I am currently the science coordinator of the soon to be completed NERC APPRAISE aerosols programme (playing a leading role as Mission Scientist on the APPRAISE-Clouds and ADIENT flights and on the ground in APPRAISE-ACES during the OP3 experiment in Borneo). I was previouslu the science coordinator for the NERC CWVC (Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate) programme (participating in the EMERALD I and II campaigns out of Adelaide and Darwin respectively). 

I have also been involved in the ongoing development and use of key state of the art instruments such as the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometers (AMS) and various other cloud microphysical and aerosol instrumentation.

Specialties

The Design, Planning, Management and Execution of large national and international field experiments, both from (multiple) ground based sites and/or from various aircraft platforms. Mission Scientist work on research aircraft.

 

Specific research interests

cloud-aerosol interactions, aerosol mass spectrometery, cloud microphysics and chemistry, aerosol composition & evolution

Publications

  • Allan J. D., Alfarra M. R., Bower K. N., Coe H., Jayne J. T., Worsnop D. R., Aalto P. P., Kulmala M., Hyotylainen T., Cavalli F., and Laaksonen A. (2006) Size and composition measurements of background aerosol and new particle growth in a Finnish forest during QUEST 2 using an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, 315-327.
  • Connolly P. J., Saunders C. P. R., Gallagher M. W., Bower K. N., Flynn M. J., Choularton T. W., Whiteway J., and Lawson R. P. (2005) Aircraft observations of the influence of electric fields on the aggregation of ice crystals. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 131(608), 1695-1712.
  • Gallagher M. W., Connolly P. J., Whiteway J., Figueras-Nieto D., Flynn M., Choularton T. W., Bower K. N., Cook C., Busen R., and Hacker J. (2005) An overview of the microphysical structure of cirrus clouds observed during EMERALD-1. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 131(607), 1143-1169.
  • McFiggans G., Alfarra M. R., Allan J., Bower K., Coe H., Cubison M., Topping D., Williams P., Decesari S., Facchini C., and Fuzzi S. (2005) Simplification of the representation of the organic component of atmospheric particulates. Faraday Discussions 130, 341-362.
  • Alfarra M. R., Coe H., Allan J. D., Bower K. N., Boudries H., Canagaratna M. R., Jimenez J. L., Jayne J. T., Garforth A., Li S., and Worsnop D. R. (2004) Characterization of urban and rural organic particulate in the Lower Fraser Valley using two Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometers. Atmospheric Environment 38(34), 5745-5758.
  • Allan J. D., Bower K. N., Coe H., Boudries H., Jayne J. T., Canagaratna M. R., Millet D. B., Goldstein A. H., Quinn P. K., Weber R. J., and Worsnop D. R. (2004) Submicron aerosol composition at Trinidad Head, California, during ITCT 2K2: Its relationship with gas phase volatile organic carbon and assessment of instrument performance. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 109(D23), D23S24.
  • Allan J. D., Coe H., Bower K. N., Alfarra M. R., Delia A. E., Jimenez J. L., Middlebrook A. M., Drewnick F., Onasch T. B., Canagaratna M. R., Jayne J. T., and Worsnop D. R. (2004) A generalised method for the extraction of chemically resolved mass spectra from Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer data. Journal of Aerosol Science 35(7), 909-922.
  • Longley I. D., Gallagher M. W., Dorsey J. R., Flynn M., Bower K. N., and Allan J. D. (2004) Street canyon aerosol pollutant transport measurements. Science of the Total Environment 334-35, 327-336.
  • Lowenthal D. H., Borys R. D., Choularton T. W., Bower K. N., Flynn M. J., and Gallagher M. W. (2004) Parameterization of the cloud droplet-sulfate relationship. Atmospheric Environment 38(2), 287-292.
  • Millet D. B., Goldstein A. H., Allan J. D., Bates T. S., Boudries H., Bower K. N., Coe H., Ma Y. L., McKay M., Quinn P. K., Sullivan A., Weber R. J., and Worsnop D. R. (2004) Volatile organic compound measurements at Trinidad Head, California, during ITCT 2K2: Analysis of sources, atmospheric composition, and aerosol residence times. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 109(D23), D23S16.
  • Shon Z. H., Kim K. H., Bower K. N., Lee G., and Kim J. (2004) Assessment of the photochemistry of OH and NO3 on Jeju Island during the Asian-dust-storm period in the spring of 2001. Chemosphere 55(8), 1127-1142.
  • Topping D., Coe H., McFiggans G., Burgess R., Allan J., Alfarra M. R., Bower K., Choularton T. W., Decesari S., and Facchini M. C. (2004) Aerosol chemical characteristics from sampling conducted on the Island of Jeju, Korea during ACE Asia. Atmospheric Environment 38(14), 2111-2123.
  • Allan J. D., Alfarra M. R., Bower K. N., Williams P. I., Gallagher M. W., Jimenez J. L., McDonald A. G., Nemitz E., Canagaratna M. R., Jayne J. T., Coe H., and Worsnop D. R. (2003) Quantitative sampling using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer - 2. Measurements of fine particulate chemical composition in two U.K. cities. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 108(D3), art. no.-4091.
  • Allan J. D., Jimenez J. L., Williams P. I., Alfarra M. R., Bower K. N., Jayne J. T., Coe H., and Worsnop D. R. (2003) Quantitative sampling using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer - 1. Techniques of data interpretation and error analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 108(D3), art. no.-4090.
  • Dorsey J. R., Nemitz E., Gallagher M. W., Fowler D., Williams P. I., Bower K. N., and Beswick K. M. (2002) Direct measurements and parameterisation of aerosol flux, concentration and emission velocity above a city. Atmospheric Environment 36(5), 791-800.
  • Nemitz E., Fowler D., McDonald A. G., Theobald M. R., Skiba U., Gallagher M. W., Dorsey J. R., Bower K., Beswick K. M., Williams P. I., and Erisman J. W. (2002) Recent advances in the quantification and parameterisation of the surface / atmosphere exchange of atmospheric aerosols. In Proceedings EUROTRAC Symposium (ed. P. Borrell), pp. 23-32. Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Margraf Verlag, Weikersheim).
  • Cardwell J., Choularton T., and Bower K. (2001) Modelling studies of cirrus wave clouds using an explicit microphysics model. In Proceedings of aviation, aerosols, contrails and cirrus clouds (ed. Schulman and Amantidis), pp. 202-206. European Commission EUR 19428.
  • Choularton T. and Bower K. (2001) Relationship between wet deposited sulphur and sulphur dioxide emissions. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus 1, 365-372.
  • Osborne S. R., Johnson D. W., Bower K. N., and Wood R. (2001) Modification of the aerosol size distribution within exhaust plumes produced by diesel-powered ships. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 106(D9), 9827-9842.
  • Bower B. K. N., Choularton T. W., Gallagher M. W., Beswick K. M., Flynn M. J., Allen A. G., Davison B. M., James J. D., Robertson L., Harrison R. M., Hewitt C. N., Cape J. N., McFadyen G. G., Milford C., Sutton M. A., Martinsson B. G., Frank G., Swietlicki E., Zhou J., Berg O. H., Mentes B., Papaspiropoulos G., Hansson H. C., Leck C., Kulmala M., Aalto P., Vakeva M., Berner A., Bizjak M., Fuzzi S., Laj P., Facchini M. C., Orsi G., Ricci L., Nielsen M., Allan B. J., Coe H., McFiggans G., Plane J. M. C., Collett J. L., Moore K. F., and Sherman D. E. (2000) ACE-2 HILLCLOUD. An overview of the ACE-2 ground-based cloud experiment. Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology 52(2), 750-778.
  • Coe H., Williams P. I., McFiggans G., Gallagher M. W., Beswick K. M., Bower K. N., and Choularton T. W. (2000) Behavior of ultrafine particles in continental and marine air masses at a rural site in the United Kingdom. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 105(D22), 26891-26905.
  • Dore A. J., Johnson D. W., Osborne S. R., Choularton T. W., Bower K. N., Andreae M. O., and Bandy B. J. (2000) Evolution of boundary-layer aerosol particles due to in-cloud chemical reactions during the 2nd Lagrangian experiment of ACE-2. Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology 52(2), 452-462.
  • Flynn M. J., Bower K. N., Choularton T. W., Wobrock W., Makela J. M., Martinsson B., Frank G., Hansson H. C., Karlsson H., and Laj P. (2000) Modelling cloud processing of aerosol during the ACE-2 HILLCLOUD experiment. Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology 52(2), 779-800.
  • Martinsson B. G., Frank G., Cederfelt S. I., Berg O. H., Mentes B., Papaspiropoulos G., Swietlicki E., Zhou J. C., Flynn M., Bower K. N., Choularton T. W., Makela J., Virkkula A., and Van Dingenen R. (2000) Validation of very high cloud droplet number concentrations in air masses transported thousands of kilometres over the ocean. Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology 52(2), 801-814.
  • Williams P. I., Gallagher M. W., Choularton T. W., Coe H., Bower K. N., and McFiggans G. (2000) Aerosol development and interaction in an urban plume. Aerosol Science and Technology 32(2), 120-126.
  • Birmili W., Yuskiewicz B., Wiedensohler A., Stratmann F., Choularton T. W., and Bower K. N. (1999) Climate-relevant modification of the aerosol size distribution by processes associated with orographic clouds. Atmospheric Research 50(3-4), 241-263.
  • Bower K. N., Choularton T. W., Gallagher M. W., Colvile R. N., Beswick K. M., Inglis D. W. F., Bradbury C., Martinsson B. G., Swietlicki E., Berg O. H., Cederfelt S. I., Frank G., Zhou J., Cape J. N., Sutton M. A., McFadyen G. G., Milford C., Birmili W., Yuskiewicz B. A., Wiedensohler A., Stratmann F., Wendisch M., Berner A., Ctyroky P., Galambos Z., Mesfin S. H., Dusek U., Dore C. J., Lee D. S., Pepler S. A., Bizjak M., and Divjak B. (1999) The Great Dun Fell Experiment 1995: an overview. Atmospheric Research 50(3-4), 151-184.
  • Bower K. N., Jones A., and Choularton T. W. (1999) A modelling study of aerosol processing by stratocumulus clouds and its impact on general circulation model parameterisations of cloud and aerosol. Atmospheric Research 50(3-4), 317-344.
  • Bradbury C., Bower K. N., Choularton T. W., Swietlicki E., Birmili W., Wiedensohler A., Yuskiewicz B., Berner A., Dusek U., Dore C., and McFadyen G. G. (1999) Modelling of aerosol modification resulting from passage through a hill cap cloud. Atmospheric Research 50(3-4), 185-204.
  • Cape J. N., McFadyen G. G., Storeton-West R. L., Choularton T. W., Gallagher M. W., Bower K. N., Lee D. S., Dore C., and Berner A. (1999) Field observations of S-IV in cloud. Atmospheric Research 50(3-4), 345-358.
  • Choularton T. W., Bower K. N., Beswick K. M., Parkin M., and Kaye A. (1998) A study of the effects of cloud processing of aerosol on the microphysics of cloud. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 124(549), 1377-1389.
  • Wells M., Choularton T. W., and Bower K. N. (1998) A modelling study of the interaction of ammonia with cloud. Atmospheric Environment 32(3), 359-363.
  • Bower K. N., Choularton T. W., Gallagher M. W., Colvile R. N., Wells M., Beswick K. M., Wiedensohler A., Hansson H. C., Svenningsson B., Swietlicki E., Wendisch M., Berner A., Kruisz C., Laj P., Facchini M. C., Fuzzi S., Bizjak M., Dollard G., Jones B., Acker K., Wieprecht W., Preiss M., Sutton M. A., Hargreaves K. J., StoretonWest R. L., Cape J. N., and Arends B. G. (1997) Observations and modelling of the processing of aerosol by a hill cap cloud. Atmospheric Environment 31(16), 2527-2543.
  • Choularton T. W., Bower K. N., and Gallagher M. W. (1997) Effect of sulphur chemistry on the scattering properties of particles. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 352(1350), 213-219.
  • Choularton T. W., Colvile R. N., Bower K. N., Gallagher M. W., Wells M., Beswick K. M., Arends B. G., Mols J. J., Kos G. P. A., Fuzzi S., Lind J. A., Orsi G., Facchini M. C., Laj P., Gieray R., Wieser P., Engelhardt T., Berner A., Kruisz C., Moller D., Acker K., Wieprecht W., Luttke J., Levsen K., Bizjak M., Hansson H. C., Cederfelt S. I., Frank G., Mentes B., Martinsson B., Orsini D., Svenningsson B., Swietlicki E., Wiedensohler A., Noone K. J., Pahl S., Winkler P., Seyffer E., Helas G., Jaeschke W., Georgii H. W., Wobrock W., Preiss M., Maser R., Schell D., Dollard G., Jones B., Davies T., Sedlak D. L., David M. M., Wendisch M., Cape J. N., Hargreaves K. J., Sutton M. A., StoretonWest R. L., Fowler D., Hallberg A., Harrison R. M., and Peak J. D. (1997) The Great Dun Fell Cloud Experiment 1993: An overview. Atmospheric Environment 31(16), 2393-2405.
  • Colvile R. N., Bower K. N., Choularton T. W., Gallagher M. W., Beswick K. M., Arends B. G., Kos G. P. A., Wobrock W., Schell D., Hargreaves K. J., StoretonWest R. L., Cape J. N., Jones B. M. R., Wiedensohler A., Hansson H. C., Wendisch M., Acker K., Wieprecht W., Pahl S., Winkler P., Berner A., Kruisz C., and Gieray R. (1997) Meteorology of the Great Dun Fell Cloud Experiment 1993. Atmospheric Environment 31(16), 2407-2420.
  • Laj P., Fuzzi S., Facchini M. C., Orsi G., Berner A., Kruisz C., Wobrock W., Hallberg A., Bower K. N., Gallagher M. W., Beswick K. M., Colvile R. N., Choularton T. W., Nason P., and Jones B. (1997) Experimental evidence for in-cloud production of aerosol sulphate. Atmospheric Environment 31(16), 2503-2514.
  • Martinsson B. G., Cederfelt S. I., Svenningsson B., Frank G., Hansson H. C., Swietlicki E., Wiedensohler A., Wendisch M., Gallagher M. W., Colvile R. N., Beswick K. M., Choularton T. W., and Bower K. N. (1997) Experimental determination of the connection between cloud droplet size and its dry residue size. Atmospheric Environment 31(16), 2477-2490.
  • Svenningsson B., Hansson H. C., Martinsson B., Wiedensohler A., Swietlicki E., Cederfelt S. I., Wendisch M., Bower K. N., Choularton T. W., and Colvile R. N. (1997) Cloud droplet nucleation scavenging in relation to the size and hygroscopic behaviour of aerosol particles. Atmospheric Environment 31(16), 2463-2475.
  • Wells M., Bower K. N., Choularton T. W., Cape J. N., Sutton M. A., StoretonWest R. L., Fowler D., Wiedensohler A., Hansson H. C., Svenningsson B., Swietlicki E., Wendisch M., Jones B., Dollard G., Acker K., Wieprecht W., Preiss M., Arends B. G., Pahl S., Berner A., Kruisz C., Laj P., Facchini M. C., and Fuzzi S. (1997) The reduced nitrogen budget of an orographic cloud. Atmospheric Environment 31(16), 2599-2614.
  • Bower K. N., Moss S. J., Johnson D. W., Choularton T. W., Latham J., Brown P. R. A., Blyth A. M., and Cardwell J. (1996) A parametrization of the ice water content observed in frontal and convective clouds. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 122(536), 1815-1844.
  • Colvile R. N., Choularton T. W., Cape J. N., Bandy B. J., Bower K. N., Burgess R. A., Davies T. J., Dollard G. J., Gallagher M. W., Hargreaves K. J., Jones B. M. R., Penkett S. A., and StoretonWest R. L. (1996) Processing of oxidised nitrogen compounds by passage through winter-time orographic cloud. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 24(3), 211-239.
  • Bower K. N., Wells M., Choularton T. W., and Sutton M. A. (1995) A Model of Ammonia/Ammonium Conversion and Deposition in a Hill Cap Cloud. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 121(523), 569-591.
  • Choularton T. W., Gallagher M. W., Bower K. N., Fowler D., Zahniser M., and Kaye A. (1995) Trace Gas Flux Measurements at the Landscape Scale Using Boundary-Layer Budgets. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series a-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 351(1696), 357-368.
  • Dore A. J., Stromberg I. M., Choularton T. W., Gallagher M. W., Bower K. N., and Mackay R. (1995) Interaction of Solar-Radiation with a Hill Cap Cloud. Atmospheric Research 39(1-3), 239-260.
  • Bower K. N., Choularton T. W., Latham J., Nelson J., Baker M. B., and Jensen J. (1994) A Parameterization of Warm Clouds for Use in Atmospheric General-Circulation Models. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 51(19), 2722-2732.
  • Colvile R. N., Sander R., Choularton T. W., Bower K. N., Inglis D. W. F., Wobrock W., Schell D., Svenningsson I. B., Wiedensohler A., Hansson H. C., Hallberg A., Ogren J. A., Noone K. J., Facchini M. C., Fuzzi S., Orsi G., Arends B. G., Winiwarter W., Schneider T., and Berner A. (1994) Computer Modeling of Clouds at Kleiner-Feldberg. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 19(1-2), 189-229.
  • Gallagher M. W., Choularton T. W., Bower K. N., Stromberg I. M., Beswick K. M., Fowler D., and Hargreaves K. J. (1994) Measurements of Methane Fluxes on the Landscape Scale from a Wetland Area in North Scotland. Atmospheric Environment 28(15), 2421-2430.
  • Bower K. N. and Choularton T. W. (1993) Cloud Processing of the Cloud Condensation Nucleus Spectrum and Its Climatological Consequences. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 119(512), 655-679.
  • Choularton T. W. and Bower K. N. (1993) A Model of the Development of Droplet Effective Radius in Convective Cloud. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 119(511), 443-456.
  • Bower K. N., Hill T. A., Coe H., and Choularton T. W. (1991) So2 Oxidation in an Entraining Cloud Model with Explicit Microphysics. Atmospheric Environment Part a-General Topics 25(10), 2401-2418.
  • Coe H., Choularton T. W., Carruthers D. J., Gallagher M. W., and Bower K. N. (1991) A Model of Occult Deposition Applicable to Complex Terrain. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 117(500), 803-823.
  • Bower K. N. and Choularton T. W. (1988) The Effects of Entrainment on the Growth of Droplets in Continental Cumulus Clouds. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 114(484), 1411-1434.

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